Use or pattern,Spacing,Planting density,Note
Rectangular rows with machinery access,12 ft × 10 ft,363 trees/acre (897/ha),Worked example: 120 ft² of ground per tree; square equivalent of that area is 10.95 ft
"Rectangular rows, published planting table",8 ft × 10 ft,545 trees/acre,"Worked spacing table cited by the calculator, attributed to the Walnut Council / Purdue guides"
"Rectangular rows, published planting table",10 ft × 12 ft,363 trees/acre,Quoted beside 12 ft × 10 ft in the calculator's FAQ at the same stocking
Square grid on the same ground per tree,10.95 ft × 10.95 ft,363 trees/acre,Square grids are easier to cultivate and harvest; orchards often use squares for machinery
Staggered (triangular) planting,Same nearest-neighbour distance as the square,About 15 % more stems than a square grid,Closes canopy faster; timber plantations often stagger for early closure
Target-density layout,12 ft rows with an 8.34 ft in-row gap,435 trees/acre,Target mode solved for the in-row gap; square equivalent of that layout is 10.01 ft
"Ordering nursery stock, any layout",Any of the rows above,Add 5–10 % over the calculated count,"Skips, doubles and terrain push measured density below the grid figure"